What is Difference between Quotations, Proverbs, Sayings, phrasal verbs n idioms

Hello,

Because english is not my mother tongue I am very confused for difference between Quotations, Sayings, phrasal verbs and idioms. More I read about it, more I get confused.. Kindly explain me difference in simple to understand words..

A proverb (from the Latin proverbium), also called a byword or nayword, is a simple and concrete saying popularly known and repeated, which expresses a truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. They are often metaphorical. A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim. If a proverb is distinguished by particularly good phrasing, it may be known as an aphorism.

Proverbs are often borrowed from similar languages and cultures, and sometimes come down to the present through more than one language. Both the Bible (Book of Proverbs) and medieval Latin have played a considerable role in distributing proverbs across Europe, although almost every culture has examples of its own.
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A saying is something that is said, notable in one respect or another, "a pithy expression of wisdom or truth."[1]

There are a number of specific types of saying:

* Apothegm. “…an edgy, more cynical aphorism; such as, ‘Men are generally more careful of the breed of their horses and dogs than of their children.’" [2]
* Aphorism. A concise definition, notably memorable.
* Adage. An aphorism that has gained credibility by virtue of long use.
* Cliché. An overly commonplace, hackneyed or trite saying.
* Epigram. A poetic form of comment on a particular idea, occurrence, or person.
* Epithet. A descriptive word or phrase that has become a popular formulation.
* Gnome (Greek: gnome, from gignoskein, to know). A type of saying, especially an aphorism or a maxim, that is designed to provide instruction in a compact form.
* Idiom. “…an expression whose meaning can’t be derived simply by hearing it, such as ‘Kick the bucket.’[2]
* Mantra. A religious or mystical syllable or poetic phrase.
* Maxim. A principle or rule. A maxim is a wise saying, especially one intended to advise or recommend a course of conduct. In comparison to its approximate synonyms: saying, adage, saw, motto, epigram, proverb, aphorism, the term maxim stresses the succinct formulation of an ultimate truth, a fundamental principle, or a rule of conduct. The word derives from the Latin word maximus, "greatest", via an expression maxima propositio, "greatest premise".
* Motto. A concise expression of motivation used by a group or individual
* Platitude. A flat, insipid, trite, or weak remark.
* Proverb. An expression of practical truth or wisdom.
* Quip. A witty or funny observation.
* Saw. A saying that is commonplace, longstanding and occasionally trite.
* Witticism. A smart saying, notable for its form or style rather than its content.

As we can see a proverb is a type of saying

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A quotation is the repetition of one expression as part of another one, particularly when the quoted expression is well-known or explicitly attributed (as by citation) to its original source, and it is indicated by (punctuated with) quotation marks.

A quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a painting, scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition.
Quotations are used for a variety of reasons: to illuminate the meaning or to support the arguments of the work in which it is being quoted, or to provide direct information about the work being quoted (whether in order to discuss it, positively or negatively, to pay homage to the original work or author, to make the user of the quotation seem well-read). Quotations are also commonly printed as a means of inspiration and to invoke philosophical thoughts from the reader.